Septic systems aren’t the most exciting part of homeownership, but when something goes wrong, they get your full attention. Slow drains, sewage smells, or a soggy backyard can quickly turn into an expensive mess. It’s pretty easy to keep your septic system working as it should, as long as you stay on top of a few simple maintenance habits. You don’t need to be an expert; a little bit of awareness and the right routine can go a long way. Here’s what you need to know about septic tank maintenance to keep your septic system healthy, avoid costly repairs, and stay out of the emergency plumber’s schedule.
Septic Tank Maintenance Basics: Understand What Your Septic System Does
Your septic system handles all the wastewater that flows out of your house. Everything from the toilet, shower, washing machine, and sinks ends up in the septic tank buried in your yard. Solids settle to the bottom, fats and oils float to the top, and the liquid in between flows out into a drain field where it filters through the soil.
If too much solid waste builds up in the tank, or if the drain field gets overwhelmed, things back up—literally. That’s when you get slow flushing, foul odors, or water pooling in places it shouldn’t be. Regular maintenance keeps all these parts working together smoothly.
Pump the Tank on Schedule
One of the most important things you can do is get your tank pumped every three to five years. The exact timing depends on your tank size and how many people live in the house. If you’ve got a big family and a small tank, it might need pumping more often.
Waiting too long means solids can overflow into the drain field, which causes permanent damage. Replacing a failed drain field can run you thousands of dollars, so staying on a regular pumping schedule is one of the cheapest forms of insurance you can buy.
Watch What Goes Down the Drain
Your septic system isn’t a garbage disposal. What you flush or pour down the drain matters. Grease, fats, oils, wipes (even the ones labeled “flushable”), feminine hygiene products, cat litter, and harsh chemicals all cause problems. They either clog up the system or kill the bacteria that help break down waste inside the tank.
Stick to septic-safe toilet paper and avoid dumping food waste, paint, motor oil, or bleach into your drains. Think of your septic system like a living organism—it needs the right environment to do its job.
Spread Out Water Usage
Using too much water in a short amount of time can flood your system. That’s especially true if your septic tank is already close to full. Doing five loads of laundry back-to-back or running the dishwasher and taking a long shower at the same time can push too much water into the tank too quickly, stirring up solids and sending them into the drain field.
Try to space out high water use throughout the day or week. Use water-efficient appliances where you can, and fix any dripping faucets or running toilets—they can add hundreds of gallons to your system every week without you noticing.
Keep an Eye on the Yard
Your septic system gives you warning signs when it’s struggling. If you notice grass growing faster or greener over the drain field, that could mean there’s too much liquid seeping up from below. Another red flag is a strong sewage smell near the tank or in the yard. Soggy patches of soil, especially when it hasn’t rained, are also worth paying attention to.
Don’t park vehicles or build structures over the septic tank or drain field. Keep trees and shrubs far enough away so their roots don’t grow into pipes or the tank itself. A little landscaping awareness can save you a lot of money in repairs.
Schedule Regular Inspections as Part of Septic Tank Maintenance
Even if nothing seems wrong, a licensed septic professional should inspect your system every few years. They can spot small issues before they turn into big ones and help you stay ahead of any wear and tear. If you just bought the house or don’t know when the last inspection happened, it’s smart to get one sooner rather than later.
If you treat your septic system right, it’ll quietly do its job for decades. Skip the shortcuts, stay consistent, and don’t wait for a problem to show up before giving it the attention it needs.
Septic Tank Maintenance FAQs
How often should I pump my septic tank?
Most systems need to be pumped every 3 to 5 years. The frequency depends on your household size and tank capacity. A septic professional can give you a schedule based on your setup.
Is it okay to use bleach or drain cleaners with a septic system?
Small amounts of household bleach are generally safe for occasional use, but frequent or heavy use can harm the bacteria your system relies on. Avoid chemical drain cleaners. Use septic-safe alternatives or have clogs cleared manually.
Can I plant a garden over my septic system?
No. Vegetables shouldn’t be grown near or over the tank or drain field. It’s best to keep those areas clear or only plant grass with shallow roots.
What’s the biggest mistake homeowners make with their septic systems?
Ignoring them. Out of sight doesn’t mean out of mind. Waiting until there’s a backup or smell usually means more expensive repairs. Routine maintenance is cheaper and far less stressful.
Do I need to add additives to my septic tank?
In most cases, no. A well-functioning system doesn’t need any additives. In fact, some products can do more harm than good. If you’re unsure, ask a trusted septic professional before putting anything into the tank.
Drew Inspection Service offers home inspections in South Dakota. If you’re buying or selling a home, contact us to request our services.